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Fig. 6.1-1. Longitudinal section of shoot tip of coleus (Coleus). The
central vertical structure is the shoot tip, which ends in the shoot apical
meristem (the reddish structure with two horn-like leaf primordia). On either
side of the apical meristem are two larger leaves that extend up out of the top
of the micrograph. In the lower third of the micrograph are two axillary buds,
each with two small leaf primordia. Coleus is a favorite plant for teaching
about apical meristems and leaf production because it has decussate phyllotaxy
(that is, each node has two opposite leaf primordia, the next node down also has
two, but which are arranged at 90 degrees from the two above). We can see two
young leaf primordia (the "horns" on the apical meristem), then two
older ones, and finally two even older leaves that have the two axillary buds.
Notice that there are bumps on the surface of the stem, above the two axillary
buds -- those are the very edges of another leaf pair, with one leaf going back
into the screen and the other coming up at us (both leaves have been cut off).
In plants that have distichous phyllotaxy (with just two rows of leaves, as in
irises), a median longitudinal section like this would pass through every leaf
(or with a different orientation, it would miss every leaf). In plants with
spiral phyllotaxy (just one leaf per node), a median longitudinal section often
misses many leaves, or just barely passes through one of their edges.
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