Exam I Term List

 

 

haploid

diploid

sexual life cycle

mitosis

meiosis

chromosomes

zygote

gametes

sex chromosomes

autosomes

prophase

anaphase

metaphase

telophase

chromosomal balancing

centromere

chromatid

homologous chromosomes

disjunction

nondisjunction

trisomic

monosomic

disomic

Downs syndrome

trisomy 21

viable

sterile

fertile

lethal

polyploid

triploid

unreduced gamete

spontaneous abortions

prophase I - chromosome pairing

offspring

genes

inheritance

genotype

phenotype

albinism

locus

allele

homozygous

heterozygous

dominant

recessive

punnet square

genotypic ratio

phenotypic ratio

genotypic proportion

phenotypic proportion

monohybrid cross

testcross

blood types

co-dominant

dihybrid cross

complete dominance

incomplete dominance

parental generation

F1 generation

F2 generation

recombinant phenotypes

recombination

independent assortment

polygenic trait

discrete trait

continuous trait

quantitative trait

qualitative trait

phenotypic variation

genotypic variation

environmental variation

heritability

monozygotic twins

dizygotic twins

fraternal twins

identical twins

population

allele frequency

gene frequency

gametic frequency

genotype frequency

random mating

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium

Hardy-Weinberg assumptions

mutations

migration

vigor

sampling error

independent events

fixed alleles

lost alleles

genetic drift

bottleneck effect

founder effect

positive assortative mating

inbreeding

self-fertilization

rare allele

heterozygosity

homozygosity

inbreeding depression

flower structure

self-incompatibility locus

S alleles

asexual reproduction

stolons

clones

vegetative growth

fragmentation

gene flow

admixture

antibiotic resistance

genetic resistance to pesticides

selection differential

artificial selection

natural selection

stabilizing selection

directional selection

disruptive selection

relative fitness

Biston betularia

co-evolution

evolution

sexual selection

widowbird experiment

sickle-cell anemia

malaria resistance

heterozygote advantage

thalassemia

G6PD deficiency

gene expression

extinction

environmental change

vitamin D production

melanin

skin color vs. light intensity

body weight vs. temperature

Bergmann's rule

surface area to volume ratio

latitudinal gradients

adaptive differentiation

Allen's rule

agent of selection

response to selection

geographical differentiation

cline

clinal variation

races

vicariance

dispersal

species

geographic isolation

reproductive isolation

prezygotic barriers

temporal isolation

habitat isolation

ecological isolation

behavioral isolation

ethological isolation

mechanical isolation

gametic isolation

cross incompatible

postzygotic barriers

hybrid inviability

hybrid sterility